Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 10, 1115-1135, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
M Ruvolo, S Zehr, M von Dornum, D Pan, B Chang and J Lin
The aim of this study is to measure human mitochondrial sequence
variability in the relatively slowly evolving mitochondrial gene cytochrome
oxidase subunit II (COII) and to estimate when the human common ancestral
mitochondrial type existed. New COII gene sequences were determined for
five humans (Homo sapiens), including some of the most mitochondrially
divergent humans known; for two pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus); and for a
common chimpanzee (P. troglodytes). COII sequences were analyzed with those
from another relatively slowly evolving mitochondrial region (ND4-5). From
class 1 (third codon position) sequence data, a relative divergence date
for the human mitochondrial ancestor is estimated as 1/27 th of the
human-chimpanzee divergence time. If it is assumed that humans and
chimpanzees diverged 6 Mya, this places a human mitochondrial ancestor at
222,000 years, significantly different from 1 Myr (the presumed time of an
H. erectus emergence from Africa). The mean coalescent time estimated from
all 1,580 sites of combined mitochondrial data, when a 6-Mya human-
chimpanzee divergence is assumed, is 298,000 years, with 95% confidence
interval of 129,000-536,000 years. Neither estimate is compatible with a
1-Myr-old human mitochondrial ancestor. The mitochondrial DNA sequence data
from COII and ND4-5 regions therefore do not support this multiregional
hypothesis for the emergence of modern humans.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mitochondrial COII sequences and modern human origins [published erratum appears in Mol Biol Evol 1994 May;11(3):552]
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