Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 10, 497-511, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
LM Sabatini, T Ota and EA Azen
Human histatins are a family of low-M(r), neutral to very basic,
histidine-rich salivary polypeptides. They probably function as part of the
nonimmune host defense system in the oral cavity. A 39-kb region of DNA
containing the HIS1 and HIS2 genes was isolated from two human genomic
phage libraries as a series of overlapping clones. The nucleotide sequences
of the HIS1 gene and part of the HIS2(1) gene were determined. The
transcribed region of HIS1 spans 8.5 kb and contains six exons and five
introns. The HIS1 and HIS2(1) genes exhibit 89% overall sequence identity,
with exon sequences exhibiting 95% identity. The two loci probably arose by
a gene duplication event approximately 15-30 Mya. The HIS1 sequence data
were also compared with that of STATH. Human statherin is a low-M(r) acidic
phosphoprotein that acts as an inhibitor of precipitation of calcium
phosphate salts in the oral cavity. The HIS1 and STATH genes show nearly
identical overall gene structures. The HIS1 and STATH loci exhibit 77%-81%
sequence identity in intron DNA and 80%-88% sequence identity in noncoding
exons but only 38%-43% sequence identity in the protein-coding regions of
exons 4 and 5. These unusual data suggest that HIS1, HIS2, and STATH belong
to a single gene family exhibiting accelerated evolution between the HIS
and STATH coding sequences.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the human salivary protein genes HIS1 and HIS2, and evolution of the STATH/HIS gene family
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University.
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