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Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 1, 291-301, Copyright © 1984 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Molecular evolution of chloroplast DNA sequences

SE Curtis and MT Clegg
Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27650.

Comparative data on the evolution of chloroplast genes are reviewed. The chloroplast genome has maintained a similar structural organization over most plant taxa so far examined. Comparisons of nucleotide sequence divergence among chloroplast genes reveals marked similarity across the plant kingdom and beyond to the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Estimates of rates of nucleotide substitution indicate a synonymous rate of 1.1 x 10(-9) substitutions per site per year. Noncoding regions also appear to be constrained in their evolution, although addition/deletion events are common. There have also been evolutionary changes in the distribution of introns in chloroplast encoded genes. Relative to mammalian mitochondrial DNA, the chloroplast genome evolves at a conservative rate.
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