Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 1, 94-108, Copyright © 1983 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
WH Li and T Gojobori
Statistical analyses of DNA sequences of globin genes (beta A, beta C, and
gamma) from goat and sheep (including new sequence information for the
second intron of sheep beta A and gamma, kindly provided by A. Davis and A.
W. Nienhuis) indicate that the rates of nonsynonymous substitution in these
genes have been greatly accelerated following the gene duplication
separating gamma and the ancestor of beta A and beta C and the gene
duplication separating beta A and beta C. In both cases the acceleration
was apparently due to relaxation of purifying selection (functional
constraints) rather than advantageous mutations because acceleration
occurred only in less important parts of the beta globin chain. The rates
of nonsynonymous substitution in these genes are estimated to be about 2.3
x 10(-9) per site per year, which is three times higher than that for the
divergence between human beta and mouse beta major globin genes. Our
analyses further suggest that the rate of synonymous substitution in
functional genes and the rate of substitution in pseudogenes are
approximately equal and are between 2.8 x 10(-9) and 5.0 x 10(-9) and that
the rate of substitution in introns is about 3.0 x 10(-9). The divergence
time between beta A and beta C and that between gamma and the beta A-beta C
pair are about 12 and 30 million years, respectively. The proportion of
transition mutations is estimated to be 64%, two times higher than expected
under random mutation but considerably lower than the 96% estimated for
animal mitochondrial DNA.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rapid evolution of goat and sheep globin genes following gene duplication
Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas, Houston 77025.
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